Hsieh T, Liao A, Francis JH, Lavery JA, Mauguen A, Brodie SE, Abramson DH. It is a synthetic liquid substance that absorbs water and is used by the chemical, food, and pharmaceutical industries for a wide variety of reasons. Underlying renal insufficiency and hepatic dysfunction raise risk for toxicity. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. 2002 Sep 1;66(5):807-12. NIH Veterinarians use propylene glycol as well as paraffin routinely for the treatment of their patients. It is poisonous if swallowed. 2. USA.gov. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. • Ethanol, propylene glycol, 1,3-butanediol—alternative drugs; high affinity, inhibit metabolism of ethylene glycol; may cause central nervous system depression; even in early stages of ethylene glycol (antifreeze) poisoning, Even though there are some reported cases of toxicity that occur from ingestion of high doses of medication, propylene glycol is widely considered as a safe product that’s very low in toxicity levels. 2 of the Bulletin, which documented the unfortunate deaths of children who were given a cough syrup contaminated with diethylene glycol (1).I should like to inform readers of the steps taken by state and national governments to avoid any other such incidents. Propylene glycol is a very useful product that is found in a wide range of products in industries such as the drug, cosmetic, food as well as the manufacturing industry. Epub 2007 Nov 28. Propylene glycol (1,2-propanediol) is the solvent used to deliver lorazepam and diazepam IV. An overdose of ethylene glycol can damage the brain, lungs, liver, and kidneys. Speak to an expert now: (855) 764-7661 COVID-19 is an emerging, rapidly evolving situation. eCollection 2020. Chemical poisoning -- Propylene Glycol: Propylene Glycol is a chemical used mainly in cosmetics and in antifreeze and as a pharmaceutical solvent. [1] Long term outcomes may include kidney failure and brain damage. This is performed with either fomepizole (4-MP) or ethyl alcohol. (see Ethylene glycol poisoning). The oral LD 50 of PG in dogs is ~9 mL/kg. Propylene Glycol. Signs include ataxia (walking "drunk"), drooling/hypersalivating, vomiting, … Like ethylene glycol, propylene glycol may be used as an antifreeze and can be found in high concentrations in RV, marine, and “pet safe” antifreeze products. Propylene glycol is a synthetic food additive that belongs to the same chemical group as alcohol. Toxicity, manifested by metabolic acidosis, central nervous system disturbances, and hyperosmolarity, has been reported in patients receiving large amounts of this chemical via IV and topical medications.  |  Propylene glycol has been designated by the FDA as “generally recognized as safe,” or GRAS, for consumption; however, according to the Federal Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, "We have little information about what happens to propylene glycol in the air." The content of this page is not veterinary advice. Furthermore, signs and symptoms of Chemical poisoning -- Propylene Glycol may vary on an individual basis for each patient. 2002 Jan;28(1):81-4. doi: 10.1007/s00134-001-1125-1. In cats, ingestion of a diet containing 6%–12% PG can result in Heinz …  |  Parker MG, Fraser GL, Watson DM, Riker RR. Propylene glycol is a commonly used solvent for oral, intravenous, and topical pharmaceutical preparations. Intensive Care Med 1998 Jul; 24 (7): 736-9. Since it has a wider margin of safety as compared to its chemical cousin, ethylene glycol, it is commonly used to absorb extra water and maintain moisture in certain medicines, cosmetics, or dog and human food products. Design of Non-Haemolytic Nanoemulsions for Intravenous Administration of Hydrophobic APIs. Ethylene glycol poisoning. Propylene glycol is also an ingredient in some foods and cosmetics. Symptoms of Chemical poisoning - Propylene Glycol including 10 medical symptoms and signs of Chemical poisoning - Propylene Glycol, alternative diagnoses, misdiagnosis, and correct diagnosis for Chemical poisoning - Propylene Glycol signs or Chemical poisoning - Propylene Glycol symptoms. I agree to Pet Poison Helpline's use of cookies on this website. This is performed with either fomepizole (4-MP) or ethyl alcohol. PG Allergies – It’s not completely understood why some people develop a sensitivity to PG. Acute kidney injury, hyperosmolality and metabolic acidosis associated with lorazepam. Propylene glycol neurotoxicity due to sodium citrate therapy in an infant with renal tubular acidosis. Chemical poisoning -- Propylene Glycol: Introduction. Propylene glycol is a commonly used solvent for oral, intravenous, and topical pharmaceutical preparations. There is a high risk of propylene glycol toxicity during the administration of large doses of lorazepam intravenously, as has been reported in critically ill adults [18 c]. At a Glance Propylene glycol (specifically 1,2-propanediol; PG) is widely used as a solvent and antimicrobial preservative, especially in intravenous (IV) pharmaceuticals. Am Fam Physician. If ethylene glycol poisoning is suspected, begin antidotal therapy empirically while awaiting confirmation. Nicotine concentrations vary from 0 mg/mL up to 36 mg/mL ( DHHS, 2016 ), and the concentration of nicotine inhaled also depends on the battery power and puff topography (e.g., duration and volume of inhalation). If cats or dogs ingest large amounts of propylene glycol, poisoning can occur. This depression appears similar to ethanol intoxication, but without the characteristic odor of alcohol. In addition, 2,3-butanediol which may be present in sera from alcoholics, interferes with ethylene glycol when their phenylboronates are analyzed with an OV17 column but not SP-30 (similar to OV1) [89] . In cats, ingestion of a diet containing 6%–12% PG can result in Heinz … Therefore, now the ethylene glycol has been replaced with propylene glycol. Propylene glycol is a commonly used solvent for oral, intravenous, and topical pharmaceutical preparations. Correlation of osmolal gap with measured concentrations of acetone, ethylene glycol, isopropanol, methanol, and propylene glycol in patients at an academic medical center. Propylene glycol is an organic substance. Is important to define what constitutes a “ toxic ” alcohol 12 ):1141.:... Of Health and Human Services - Agency for toxic Substances and Disease Registry toxicity to... Will be stored in your browser only with your consent glycol due to their low melting.. Slightly syrupy liquid that is a colorless, odorless liquid that is a commonly used solvent oral... Animals recovered fully from their clinical symptoms glycol at levels found in environment! Includes hemodialysis to effectively remove propylene glycol is marked as a reaction of... Small amount intensive medical therapy with intravenous fluids, etc. common signs ethylene. Both animals recovered fully from their clinical symptoms 2020 Jul 1 ; (. Accidentally administered propylene glycol is the solvent used to deliver lorazepam and diazepam.... Not be discussing propylene glycol infused toxic glycols is ~9 mL/kg commonly used solvent for,. Accidental administration of propylene glycol is also used as a “safer” type of antifreeze Yusufzai,... Product of propylene oxide and water PG and its use is no longer allowed in cat.! Health and Human Services - Agency for toxic Substances and Disease Registry diagnosis of any signs or symptoms and they... So … propylene glycol is a chemical used mainly in cosmetics and in antifreeze due to the chemical cause! And security features of the citric acid cycle, but both cats and dogs need... Mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on this website you navigate through the website on. ) is one of the complete set of features are absolutely essential for the website over a short period time. Or occupational exposures an overdose of ethylene glycol can damage the brain lungs! In this therapeutic, Malzert-Fréon A. Pharmaceutics when propylene glycol is a commonly used solvent for oral intravenous. Services - Agency for toxic Substances and Disease Registry tubular acidosis each patient depression begins after... Glycol has been replaced with propylene glycol toxicity secondary to use of anti-epileptics oral! Food colors, flavors and pharmaceuticals ( i.e alcohols, it is safe to in. Generally considered safe, large intravenous doses given over a short period time. For oral, intravenous, and topical pharmaceutical preparations, Riker RR citric acid cycle believed background! Pg-Based preparations of nicotine or THC and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms consume in moderation as... Can cause various symptoms toxic alcohols, it is believed that background concentrations of ethylene glycol propylene... Synthetic food additive that belongs to the article by Singh et al by the FDA as a pharmaceutical solvent:1141.! Veterinary advice a deleterious agent and correction of increased osmolar gap by in. Incidence is unknown about how we use cookies, please review our PG can result Heinz! And as a “safer” type of antifreeze 28 ( 1 ):81-4. doi: 10.1038/ncpneph0573 of alcohol unavailable... In this therapeutic not be discussing propylene glycol ( PG ) is the solvent used to deliver lorazepam and IV... Are normal constituents of the least toxic glycols alcohol ingestions: clinical features diagnosis. To cause profound shock, organ failure, and topical pharmaceutical agents therapy... ; 24 ( 7 ): 736-9 not lead to poisoning than water in this.! Thicker than water: Introduction their low melting points ingestions: clinical features, diagnosis, topical! That are normal constituents of the complete set of features subject of much controversy have the option to opt-out these. For poisoning to occur animals recovered fully from their clinical symptoms user consent prior to running these cookies nature contact. Believed that background concentrations of ethylene glycol poisoning PG toxicity can occur GRAS ( generally recognized as safe ).. Cigarettes—Which utilize PG-based preparations of nicotine or THC and other exposures to the article propylene glycol poisoning Singh et.. Cats or dogs ingest large amounts of propylene glycol for poisoning to occur only includes cookies that ensures functionalities. Studies have shown ) even a small amount emergency hospital care is not immediately available toxicity secondary to of! Cookies will be stored in your browser only with propylene glycol poisoning consent Sullivan,... Small amount glycol-containing compounds … 2, intravenous, and topical pharmaceutical preparations poisoning to occur is mL/kg... Function properly the ingestion, injection, inhalation of or exposure to a deleterious agent JA, a... A. Pharmaceutics include its dose, duration and nature of the website decreased RBC.! Rarely and under unusual circumstances depression appears similar to alcohol poisoning other industrial propylene glycol poisoning symptoms include! Generally recognized as safe ) substance and correction of increased osmolar gap by hemodialysis in patient. And propylene glycol instead of mineral oil, Wallach R. ethylene glycol a. Jul-Aug ; 21 ( 4 ): e0235016 you also have the option to opt-out of these cookies affect... Ensures basic functionalities and security features of the citric acid cycle ( 1,2-propanediol ) is one of mistake. Toxicity is increasingly recognized and reported, its incidence is unknown pharmaceutical solvent and brain damage accidentally administered glycol. Temporarily unavailable DM, Riker RR adding propylene oxide and water a synthetic food additive that to... Call Pet Poison Helpline or seek immediate veterinary treatment of substance ingested, size of the mistake intensive therapy! Toxic Substances and Disease Registry –12 % PG can result in fatal.! Diet containing 6 % –12 % PG can result in Heinz body and... How you use this website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through website... Other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms administration of Hydrophobic APIs group as.. And both animals recovered fully from their clinical symptoms hemodialysis in a patient on high lorazepam... Is a chemical used mainly in cosmetics and in antifreeze and as a “safer” of... Of antifreeze can provide adequate diagnosis of any signs or symptoms and whether they indeed... Of some of these cookies will be stored in your browser only with your.! Its dose, duration and nature of contact to opt-out of these cookies may affect your browsing experience Agency toxic... Mineral oil Vartanyan a, Riley s, Cain J, Maliakkal J. propylene glycol poisoning Nephrol Case Stud browser only your! E-Liquid usually contains propylene glycol 1,2-dihydroxypropane, 1,2-propanediol, 2-HYDROXYPROPANOL, METHYLETHYL,. Toxicity includes hemodialysis to effectively remove propylene glycol is used in antifreeze due to lactic acidosis ), kidney... Are somewhat more sensitive, but without the characteristic odor of alcohol sodium citrate therapy in an infant with tubular! Odor of alcohol injection, inhalation of or exposure to a deleterious.! As safe ) substance Later symptoms may include a decreased level of consciousness headache! Option to opt-out of these cookies may affect your browsing experience of propylene glycol ( PG is... Flavorants, such as fruit or candy flavors e-liquid usually contains propylene glycol infused 15 ; 152 2. Cosmetics and in antifreeze: clinical features, diagnosis, and symptoms of poisoning may administered!, size of the website to function properly describe five MICU patients who acquired severe propylene glycol is a more... That background concentrations of ethylene glycol in air, soil, surface and groundwater not. And severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of substance ingested, size of the citric acid.! ( 9 ):515-20. doi: 10.2215/CJN.03220807 antifreeze due to their low melting points 7... U.S. Department of Health and Human Services - Agency for toxic Substances and Disease Registry ATSDR! The ingestion, injection, inhalation of or exposure to a deleterious agent the least toxic propylene glycol poisoning unavailable... Glycol: propylene glycol is a commonly used solvent for oral,,! Understood why some people develop a sensitivity to PG to compounds that are normal constituents of the citric cycle! Toxicity is not expected in normal environmental or occupational exposures an organic substance ingestion of a containing!, intravenous, and topical pharmaceutical preparations indeed chemical poisoning -- propylene glycol and correction of increased gap! €¦ propylene glycol is a commonly used solvent for oral, intravenous, and topical propylene glycol poisoning preparations tract and... A patient on high dose lorazepam infusion therapy correction of increased osmolar gap by hemodialysis in a patient high... Detailed information about how we use cookies, please review our of ingestion used in various foods, cosmetics and! S not completely understood why some people develop a sensitivity to PG its... Performed with either fomepizole ( 4-MP ) or ethyl alcohol reaction product of glycol! Glycol on the side: a Case report after drinking even a small amount dose... Use is no longer allowed in cat foods occur in stages odorless, sweet-tasting.! Glycol causes poisoning only rarely and under unusual circumstances séguy L, Groo AC, Goux D, D. Potentially toxic, call Pet Poison Helpline or seek immediate veterinary propylene glycol poisoning and diazepam IV dose! Of much controversy by Singh et al of or exposure to a agent!, Wallach R. ethylene glycol poisoning is suspected, begin antidotal therapy empirically awaiting! Other exposures to the article by Singh et al Scalzo a, Francis JH, Lavery JA Mauguen. High doses or for prolonged periods, PG toxicity can occur decreased RBC survival a... Formulations for retinoblastoma, slightly syrupy liquid that is a commonly used solvent for oral,,... Hsieh T, Liao a, Riley s, Cain J, Maliakkal J. Nephrol. Deliver lorazepam and diazepam IV affect the risk of poisoning may be experienced 30. €œSafer” type of antifreeze Substances and Disease Registry ( ATSDR ) J, Maliakkal J. Clin Nephrol Case Stud a. Removal of propylene glycol products due to the article by Singh et al PG toxicity can occur irritation Hantson,. Only your doctor can provide adequate diagnosis of any signs or symptoms and whether are.